Chuck controlling device



Sept. 18, 1934. 'L. E. WHI'TON 1,974,384

CHUCK CONTROLLING DEVICE Filed March 13, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 52 5o 5 0 2 3 ze z spt. 18, 1934. wHlTON 1,974,384

) CHUCK CONTROLLING DEVJZGE I Filed March 13, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 14/ 5 I 47 3 25 a4 a8 FM/49 H 3 Patented Sept. 18, 1934 ATE VAT

Application March 13,

59 Claims.

My invention relates to chuck controlling. devices.

It has for its object to provide an improved mechanism whereby the jawv movement of a power driven chuck may be effected by power. Another object of my invention is to provide improved power drivenopening and closing mechanism fora chuck. A further object of my invention is to provide such a mechanism having 0 improved controlling mechanism and, more particularly, an improved frictional controlling mechanism. Still another object of my invention is to provide improved controlling means for this controlling mechanism whereby the application I of power for a given operation may be controlled irrespective of the operator and adjusted to suit the requirements of different work. A still further object of my invention is to provide an improved power operated opening and closing attachment for a power driven chuck which may be readily applied to a lathe with a minimum of change in the latter. These and other objects and advantages of my improved construction will, however, hereinafter more fullyappear.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown, for purposes of illustration, one embodiment which invention may assume in practice.

In these drawings,

7 Figure 1 is a side elevation of a standard form of lathe equipped with my improvement;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of my improved mechanism, taken on line 22 of Fig. 1;

3 is a vertical sectional view of the same,

taken through the axis of the shaft shown in Fig. 2 on line 33;

Fig. 4 is an end elevation taken on line 44 of Fig. 3; and

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional View taken on line 55 of Fig. 3.

In this illustrative construction I have shown my invention applied toa Potter 8; Johnston lathe, which, as this lathe is well known, it is believed unnecessary to describe herein other than to say that it comprises a usual form of spindle driving mechanism carried on a horizontal frame 1 and operative to drive a horizontal tubular spindle 2, carried on the top of the frame, in a well known manner through a gear 3 and a slip clutch mechanism 4, the latter being slidable on the spindle 2 and operative at will to disconnect the power from the spindle 2 while leaving the driving gearing running at its usual speed.

Herein, the lathe spindle 2 carries on its work- 5 ing end a chuck 5 of a type adapted to be .1926, Serial No. 94,470

opened and closed by rotatable means. While not limited thereto, preferably, this chuck is of the type describedand claimed in my oo-pendingapplication SerialNo. 61,173, filed Oct. 8,

1925, now Patent Number 1,713,795 granted May 9 21, 1929 and I have accordingly illustrated such a chuck, which, 'for the purposes of this case, may be described as comprising rotatable or revolvable controlling member, herein in the form of a spur gear 6 thereon adapted to be rotated 6 in either direction, directly or through intermediates, by a rotatable opening and closing member in the form of an actuating or driving member, herein in the form of a pinion 'Z, to effect opening and closing of the jaws 8 of the chuck, '-7.0 the direction of rotation depending upon whether the chuck is to hold the work in an expanding or contracting grip. Moreover, this pinion 7, in-

,ried by a suitable two-part frame 9, and this frame 9 is suitably seated on the top 10 of the front bearing of the spindle 2 at a point between the gear 3 and chuck 5. .85

In this illustrative construction, the power for actuating the pinion '7 is derived from the lathe itself. As shown, a second spur gear 11 of smaller diameter than the gear 3 is threaded on the hub of the gear 3 in such manner that this gear 11 is 0 adapted to rotate all the time that the lathe is in use and form a power driven driving means for the pinion 7 hereinbefore mentioned, irrespective of whether the spindle 2 is being rotated. More particularly, this spur gear 11 herein meshes with a plurality of trains of mechanism located above the same and adapted to be operatively connected to-the pinion l in such manner as to cause the latter to be rotated in opposite directions at the same speed and thereby'cause the gear 6 of the 10 chuck 5 to be similarly rotated, with the result that the gripping members 8 of the chuck move in or out relative to the work, and consequently grip or release the latter, as desired, the operation of the chuck per se being all in a manner so fully described and claimed in my co-pending application mentioned above that it need not be repeated here.

Referring more particularly to these trains of mechanism, it will be noted that one train, which for convenience I may call the quill train, in-

cludes a pinion 12 meshing with the gear 11. This pinion 12 is in turn carried on a suitable stud 13 on a swiveled gear yoke or frame 14, hereinafter described, and meshes with a corresponding spur gear 15 keyed to a sleeve or quill 16 surrounding a shaft 1'7, which extends above and parallel to the spindle 2. As shown, this sleeve 16 is journaled in, the hub 18 of the swiveled frame 14 and the latter is in turn journaled between the base and cap portions of the frame 9. The other train, which may be called the inner or shaft train, herein also includes a pinion 19, smaller than the pinion l2 and journaled on an eccentric axis on the stud 13, which meshes with the gear 11. This pinion 19 moreover meshes with an intermediate gear 20 journaledon another stud 21 carried on the yoke 14, while the gear 20 in turn meshes with a slightly larger "pinion 22, which is in turn fixed to a reduced portion 23 on a protruding end of the shaft 17. Thus it will be evident that power may be supplied from the gear 11 "through either of these trains in such manner'as 'adaptedunder the control of the operator to connect either of the trains to the pinion '7 in such manner as to effect rotation thereof in either direction through a friction clutch. Referring -more paricularly to this mechanism, it will be noted that the sleeve or quill 16 herein has a friction cone 24 fixed to a reduced portion 25 on the inner end thereof, while the shaft 17 has fixed thereon, as by threading on a reduced portion 26 thereon, a corresponding but reversely disposed cone 27. As shown, these cones are enclosed in a longitudinally adjustable friction sleeve 28 having reversely disposed conical surfaces 29 and 30 adapted to cooperate with the cones 24 and 27 in difierent positions of the sleeve 28, the surface 29 engaging with the cone 24 when the member 28 is moved to the left from the neutral position shown in Fig. 3, while the surface 30 engages with the cone 27 when the member 28 is moved to the right. ber 28 is connected through a plurality of pins Moreover, it will be noted that the mem- -31-with a ring 32 mounted on a chuck pinion shaft 33,-coaxial with the shaft 17, journaled in suitable bearings 34 on the frame and carrying the pinion? on its outer end. Thus it will be observed that, depending upon the position of the frictionsleeve 28, power may be transmitted from the gear 11 to the shaft 33 and pinion '7 through the train 19, 20 and 22, the shaft 17, the cone 27,

*themember 28, the pins 31 and the ring 32; or,

in a'reverse direction and at the same speed,

through the pinions 12 and 15, the sleeve or quill '16, the cone 24, the member 28, the pins 31 and the ring 32.

Toeffect the adjustment of the friction sleeve 28, I have also provided improved means. Herein, it will be observed that the cones 24, 27 and friction'sleeves 28 are disposed in a chamber 35 formed in the frame 9 between the base and cap thereof, and that within this chamber and outside the member 28 a sliding sleeve 36 is mounted. As showmthis outer sleeve has a plurality of interal shoulders 37 engaging corresponding exteral shoulders on the sleeve 28, while its external surface is adapted to slide longitudinally in the chamber 35. Moreover, this sleeve 36 is made up of separable upper and lower halves (see Fig. 5) and has on its upper half an upstanding stud or lug 38, herein a screw plug, adapted to move longitudinally within the limits of a slot 39 formed in the cover portion of the frame 9. Also, the twoparts of this sleeve 36 are each provided vertically across the joint between the halves with a plurality of rack teeth 40, which are in turn adapted to cooperate with the teeth 41 of a suitable segment carried by an operating or controlling lever 42, which is in turn pivoted at 43 on the frame 9 (see Figs. 1, 2 and 5). Thus, it will be observed that movement of the lever 42 in either direction from the neutral position shown in Fig. 2 will result in connecting one or the other of the cones 24, 27 to the friction sleeve 28; Moreover, rotation of the sleeve 36 is effectually prevented by the stud 38 in such a manner'as to prevent crowding outward of the sleeve against the teeth 41, and thereby maintain at all times the proper contact between the rack and segment teeth. 7 7

To control the operation of the "lever 42 and to make it possible to regulate the grip of the friction and consequently the amount of power available, I have also provided improvedcontrolling mechanism adapted to control the movement of the lever 42 independently of the operator. Herein, the handle of this lever 42 abuts against stops 44, 45 carried by the frame 9 and disposed on opposite sides ,of the lever. These stops 44, 45 are also made capable of adjustment, being in the form of screws. Thus, it is made possible for the lever to be pushed farther over when operated to release the work than is the case when gripping the work, and thereby to enable greater power to be exerted when needed, it being found that the power required to release the work is greaterthan that required to grip it. Also it is made possible for themovement of the lever to be limited in either direction to a predetermined;

range adapted to the work in hand. Obviously, if a chuck 5 is used having anexpansible grip rather than a contracting grip, the adjustment of the stop screws will also be reversed.

In order toenable the mechanism to be dis-, .connected from the lathe spindle at any time,

it will be noted that I have also provided means whereby the gear yoke or frame 14 journaled inthe frame 9 and previously described, may be adjusted as desired. As a result of swiveling this yoke 14, it may be swung about its axis and on the sleeve or quill 16 in such manner as to disengage the gears 12 and 19 from the gear 11 whenever desired. Also, to hold the yoke in either position of adjustment, 1 have provided suitable arto rotate the ring and pinion as desired whenever the friction is in neutral position.

Any suitable housingand supporting means may be used. Herein, however, it will be noted "that the upper portion of the frame 9 is adapted to be held in position by a plurality of screwsother forms than that described 50 and by the screw 43. It will also be observed that a bearing cap 51 for the shaft 33 is secured to the lower portion of the frame 9,by screws 52 and that the bearing member 34 is provided with U slots 53 which cooperate with bolts 54 extending through the bottom of the frame 9 into the headstock of the lathe; the shape of someof'the parts being generally similar to that shown in my previously mentioned application, Thus it .will be observed that the whole mechanism may be readily mounted upona' lathe in a convenient location or removed from it with facility whenever desired, while access may also readily be had to the'jenclosed mechanism upon removing the screws'50, 43 and 47.

In' the operation of my improved construction,

.it will be evident that if the lever ,42 is swung about its axis in one direction, power will be transmitted from the gear 11 through one of the friction cones 24, 27 1;0 the shaft 33 and pinion '7 thereon, and consequently to'the normally stationary gear 6 on the chuck 5 to effect closingof the jaws 8 of the latter, whereas if the lever 42 ismoved in the opposite direction the pinion '7 will be operated inthe opposite direction through the other frictionv cone, and the chuck will be caused to open. Further, it will be evident that when the chuck jaws are opened or closed to their limit, the friction then in use will slip. In

each gripping or releasing operation it will also befobserved that the momentum of all of the running parts'back of the clutchis available to assist in overcoming the resistance at the moment when the strain of gripping or releasing the work occurs; Moreover, it will be evident that the pressure exerted in either direction on the lever .42, and its consequent effect on the friction mechanism, may be determined by the previous adjustment of the stop screws 44, 45, depending upon the requirements of the .work. Further, attention is directed to the fact that these screws 'may be soadjusted that the range of movement permitted in closing the chuck is less than that permitted in opening the chuck, thereby enabling the greater power needed to release the chuck, to be obtained when needed.

As a result of my improvement, the labor of the lathe operator heretofore required in each opening and closing operation is eliminated, at

the same time that these operations are speeded up, it only being necessary for the operator to throw the lever 42 into the desired position in order to cause the chuck to be opened or closed by power. Further, through the provision of the friction mechanism and the screw stops controlling the operation of the lever, it will be evident that the mechanism is protected against abuse at the'hands of the operator, the stops 'linitingthe application of the frictions in accordancewith the predetermined needs of the work, and the frictions also being adapted to slip when necessary. my invention is capable of use with chucks of and claimed in my copending application mentioned above. For example, my improved mechanism is adapted to use with any type of chuck having a rotatable or revolvable controlling ,rnember, whether the latmake several revolutions, or a single revolution, or only a part of a revolution, in order to efiect a jaw adjustment in the desired direction. These and other advantages of my improved construction will, however, be clearly apparent to those skilled in the art.

While I have in this application specifically ter is required to ments.

It will also be evident that described one form which'my invention may assume in practice, it will be understood that the same is shown for purposes of illustrationonly, and that the invention may be modified and embodied in various other forms without departing from its spirit or the scope of the appended claims;

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent-is:

1. In combination with a-rotatable chuck, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, reversing mechanism for said adjusting mechanism operative irrespective of the rotation of the chuck and including oppositely rotating elementsv selectively c'onnectible to said adjusting mechanism; and power operated driving mechanism .for said ele- 2. In combination with a chuck rotatable on a horizontal spindle, jaw adjusting mechanism.

therefor, reversing mechanism for said adjusting mechanism. external of said spindle including oppositely rotating elements selectively connectible to said adjusting mechanism, and" power operated driving mechanism for said elements includingdriving means engaging the latter.

3. In combination, a' rotatable chuck having adjustable jaws, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, and mechanism for operating said jaw adjusting mechanism reversely with different predeterminedpow'er impulses during gripping and releasing the work including a power operated driving member and mechanism controlling the connectionthereof to said jaw adjusting mechanism having means establishing different pre determined limits for gripping and releasing the work and manually adjustable means for adjusting said connection to change the power impulses from one limit to the other. 7 L

4. In combination, a rotatable chuck having adjustable jaws, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, and power actuated means for actuating said adjusting mechanism reversely with different predetermined power impulses duringgripping and releasing the work including manually adjustable control means for applying said different pre- .determined power transmitting impulses and power means controlled thereby supplying power .to said jaw adjusting mechanism during gripping mechanism therefor, reversing mechanism for said adjusting mechanism operative irrespective .of whether or not the chuck is rotating and including oppositely rotating coaxial frictional elements, means for establishing different predetermined limits for gripping and releasing the work, and manually adjustable means for selectively 1 connecting the same tosaid adjusting mechanism,

and power operated driving mechanism for said elements.

'7. In combination with a rotatable chuck, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, reversing mechanism for said adjusting mechanism operative irreing oppositely spective of whether or not the chuck is rotating :and including oppositelyrotating elements selectively-connectible to said adjusting mechanism and rotatable on axesextending in the same direction as the chuck axis, a power shaft, and'operatively connected means between said shaft and said elements rotating said elements in opposite directions. 7 V

8. In a lathe, a rotatable chuck, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, reversing mechanism for said adjusting mechanism operative to adjust said-jaws irrespectiveof whether or not the chuck is rotating and-including oppositely rotating elements selectively connectible to said adjusting .mechanism, and power operated driving mechanism for said elements including a driving shaft therefor carried by the lathe and disposed in horizontal.planes parallel to the chuck axis and a powerdriven gear on said shaft of substantial mass. 7

' 9. In combination with a chuck rotatable on a a? horizontal axis, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor,'reversing. mechanism for said adjusting mechanism operative irrespective of whether or not the chuck is rotating and including oppositely'rotatling elements rotatable on axes above the chuck axis and extending in the same direction as the latter and means above the chuck axis for selectively connecting said elements to said adjusting mechanism, and power operateddriving mechanism for said elements engaging the latter above the chuck axis.

10. In combination with a rotatable chuck, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, reversing mechanism for said adjusting mechanism operative irrespective of whether or not the chuck is rotating and including oppositely rotating elements selectively connectible to said adjusting mechanism, and power operated driving mechanism for said elements of high kinetic energyand including a shaft operatively connected to drive said elements and means of large mass rotatable with said shaft in said mechanism. I I

11. In combination'with a chuck rotatable on a horizontal axis, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, reversing mechanism for said adjust- "ing mechanism operative irrespective ofwhether or not the chuck is rotating and includrotating elements and frictional means for selectively connecting said elements to said adjusting mechanism, and power operated driving mechanism for said elements including a shaft having operative connections for driving said eiements, said shaft being dispose vin horizontal planes parallel tothe chuck axis,

and driving means having high kinetic energy including a driving member for said shaft rotating therewith and of substantially larger mass than said oppositely rotating elements.

12. In combination with a horizontal chuck "having adjustable jaws, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor,. reversing mechanism for said adjusting mechanism operative to adjust said jaws irrespecive of whether or not the chuck is rotating and includingoppositely rotating frictional elements rotatable on axes extending in the same direction as the chuck axis and selectively connectible to said adjusting mechanism and having means for establishing different predetermined 'lirnitsfor gripping and releasing the work, manually adjustable means operable within said limits, cooperating oppositely rotating driving gears therefor rotating on axes extending in the same direction as the axes of said frictional elements,

and poweroperated driving mechanismfor said driving gears.

13. In combination with a chuck having. jaws and rotatable on a horizontal spindle, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor, reversing mechanism for said jawadjusting mechanism operative irrespective of whether or not the chuckjis rotating and including oppositely rotating coaxial frictional elements rotatable ,on an axis extending in the same direction as but external of said spindle and selectively connectible to 'said adjusting mechanism including .an adjusting shaft extending longitudinally of the chuck axis and normally stationary when the .chuck'is rotating, power driven mechanism, and operative connections between said mechanisms including oppositely rotatingelements coaxial with said shaft 15. In combination with a chuck having jaws, jaw adjusting mechanism including a rotatable and selectively connectible to actuate said adjusting mechanismin either direction both when said chuck is stationary and when it is rotating.

controlling member therefor coaxial with the 195 chuck and an adjusting shaft geared to said member and extendingalongside the chuck axis, power driven mechanism operative to adjust saidjaws irrespective of whether or not said chuck is r0- tating, and operative connections between said 1,10

mechanisms including reversing mechanism coaxial with said shaft and operative both while saidchuck is stationary and while it is rotating,

for selectively rotating said controlling member in opposite directions. I

.16. In combination with a chuck having jaws, jaw adjustingmechanism therefor including a normally stationary controlling member movable at willabout the chuck axis and an adjusting thereto and extending longitudinally of said chuckaxis, power driven mechanism operative to adjust said jaws irrespective of whether .or not said chuck is rotating, operative connections beshaft for said member operatively connected tween said mechanisms including a frictional de .125

vice coaxial with said shaft and selectively con- .nectible thereto to rotate said controlling member for jaw adjusting movement in either direction and having means for establishing different predetermined limits for gripping and releasing the work, and manually adjustable means operable within said limits. 7

1 7. In combination with a chuck rotatable on a horizontal spindle and having jaw adjusting mechanism'located externally of said, spindle, ,1

power driven driving mechanism operative independently of the chuck,-and operativeconnections between said mechanisms including'reversely rotating gears carriedabove the axi'slof said chuck and connected to-said drivingmecha- 1 nism abovethe axis of the chuck and frictional control mechanism including an adjustable member for selectively. connecting said gears, irrespective of whether the chuck is rotating or not, to adjustthe jawadjusting mechanismin either direction.

18.,An opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising an opening andclosing member having a driving shaft operatively connected to the latter and disposed outside of a-nd'ex- 1 tending longitudinally of the chuck axis, a power driven member, and mechanism between said members including reversing means coaxial with said shaft and operative whether said chuck is rotating or not to selectively rotate said opening and closing member in opposite directions from said power driven member.

19. An opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising a rotatable opening and closing member rotatable on an axis extending longitudinally of the chuck axis, a power driven member, and mechanism between said members selectively connectible to effect reverse rotation of said rotatable member and including a frictional reversing mechanism coaxial with the latter and operative to open or close a chuck and having a part adapted to slip relative to a companion part while maintaining load transmitting relation between the parts.

20. In a machine tool, a work holding chuck, a member for closing and opening the chuck, power means for rotating the chuck, means for operating said member from a power driven element of said chuck rotating means including a friction clutch having a part which slips relative to a companion part when a predetermined load is transmitted to said member while continuing to transmit said predetermined load, and adjustable means whereby said predetermined load may be varied.

21. In a machine tool, a work holding chuck, a member for closing and opening the chuck, power means for rotating the chuck, and means for operating said member from a power driven 1 element of said means, including a clutch by which the operation of said member may be controlled, and including also a friction clutch having a part which slips relative to a companion part when a predetermined load is transmitted to said member.

22. In a machine tool, a work holding chuck, a member for closing and opening the chuck, power means for rotating the chuck, and means for operating said member from a power driven element of said chuck rotating means, including a clutch by which the operation of said member may be controlled and a friction clutch having a part which slips relative to a companion part when a predetermined load is transmitted to said member while continuing to transmit said predetermined load, and adjustable means whereby the load at which one of said parts slips relative to the other may be varied.

23. In combination with a chuck, a rotating jaw adjusting mechanism having an adjustable actuating member therefor operatively connected thereto, a power driven member rotatable independently of the rotation of said chuck, and reversible operative connections selectively connectible between said last two members including a frictional reversing mechanism, and stop means effecting a predetermined higher limiting of the loading of said frictional mechanism during jaw opening than during jaw closing.

24:. An opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising an opening .and closing member extending longitudinally of and spaced laterally from the chuck axis, a power driven member, and mechanism between said members and including frictional reversing mechanism coaxial with said first mentioned member and operatively connected thereto for selectively actuating said opening and closing member from said power driven member in opposite directions irrespective of whether the chuck is rotating or not.

g 25. In combination with a chuck having a rotating jaw adjusting mechanism, a rotatable actuating member therefor operatively connected thereto, a power driven member, and reversible operative connections between said last two members including a frictional reversing mechanism controlling the direction of rotation of said actuating member and having a plurality of adjustable means, one of which is operative in each position of adjustment, positively limiting the loading thereof to a different predetermined amount.

26. In combination with a chuck rotatable on a horizontal spindle and having a rotatable member controlling jaw movement, a rotatable opening and closing member operatively connected thereto and rotatable on a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of said chuck spindle and external of said spindle, a power driven member, and a plurality of trains of mechanism between said power driven and opening and closing members including a frictional reversing mechanism coaxial with the opening and closing member and selectively connectible to rotate said opening and closing member in opposite directions.

27. In combination with a chuck having jaws, jaw adjusting mechanism having a controlling member operatively connected to said jaws, a power driven member, and reversible operative connections between said last two members operative to open or close said jaws and having a reversible friction device and controlling means for the latter providing a predetermined greater possible frictional grip during jaw adjustment in one direction than dun'ng jaw adjustment in the other direction.

28. In combination with a chuck having rotating jaw adjusting mechanism, an actuating member operatively connected thereto, a power driven member, and reversible operative connections between said last two members operative to efiect 115 jaw movement in either direction, irrespective of the direction of rotation of the chuck and having oppositely rotating constantly operative friction members, a co-operating friction member selectively connectible thereto, and controlling means 120 providing a predetermined greater possible frictional grip during a jaw opening movement than during a jaw closing movement.

29. In combination with a chuck, jaw adjusting mechanism including an actuating member 125 operatively connected thereto, a power driven member, reversible operative connections between said last two members operative to effect jaw movement in either direction and including a reversible friction device, and means for providing 130 a predetermined greater frictional grip during jaw opening movement.

30. A power driven opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising a rotatable opening and closing member adapted to drive a revolvable 135 chuck jaw adjusting mechanism, a power driven member, and operative connections therebetween for reversely rotating said rotatable member including a plurality of trains of mechanism and a frictional controlling mechanism therefor having means for establishing different predetermined limits for gripping and releasing the work including a rotatable friction element in each train and manually adjustable means operable within said limits including a friction element 145 selectively co-operating therewith.

31. In combination with a chuck having a rotatable jaw adjusting member and opening and closing mechanism therefor comprising a power driven member, a driving pinion rotatable on an 150 axis extending longitudinally of the chuck axis and operatively connected to said jaw adjusting member, and operative connections driving said pinion from said power driven member including members coaxial with said pinion and rotatable in opposite directions by said first mentioned member and means for selectively connecting said members to said pinion.

32. An opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising a power driven member, a driving pinion rotatable on an axis extending alongside the chuck axis, and operative connections therebetween including members coaxial with said pinion and simultaneously rotatable in opposite directions by said first mentioned member and means for selectively connecting said members to said pinion.

33. In combination with a chuck having a rotatable adjusting member, opening and closing mechanism therefor comprising a power driven member, a driving pinion rotatable on an axis extending longitudinally of and at one side of the chuck axis and operatively connected to said jaw adjusting member, and operative connections driving said pinion from said power driven member including members coaxial with said pinion and rotatable in opposite directions by said power driven member and frictional means including an element movable longitudinally of the axis of said pinion for selectively-connecting said members to said pinion.

34. An opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising a rotatable pinion, a power driven member, driving connections therebetween Iincluding frictional reversing mechanism, and

rack and segment mechanism for operating said frictional reversing mechanism including a rack connected to said reversing mechanism and a lever operated segment engaging said rack.

35. An opening and closing mechanism for chucks comprising a rotatable pinion, a power driven member, driving connections therebetween including frictional reversing mechanism, rack and segment mechanism for operating said frictional reversing mechanism, and adjustable mechanism for limiting the movement of said rack and segment mechanism.

36. An opening and closing mechanismfor chucks comprising a rotatable opening and C105: ing member, a power driven gear. rotatable on a parallel aixs, and driving connections therebetween whereby said member may be rotated in opposite directions from said power gear including a plurality of trains of gearing and a swinging frame carrying certain of said gearing where by said gearing may be disconnected at will.

37. The combination with a chuck having a rotatable jaw adjusting member, of power driven means operatively connectible to said member to move it in opposite directions including controlling means and controlling means for said controlling means wh 'eby a predetermined greater power may be transmitted to said member during the opening movement thereof than during the closing movement thereof.

38. In combination with a lathe having a power train, a lathe spindle driven thereby, a chuck connectible at will to said power train and having rotatable opening and closing mechanism, and power means for operating said mechanism from said power train located externally of-sa id spindie including a constantly rotatable driving member-of high kinetic energy and a plurality of reverseiy operating trains driven-by said -member and selectively connectible to said mecha nism.

39. The combination with a chuck rotatable on a horizontal axis and provided with chuck rotating mechanism and revolvable jaw adjusting mechanism including a gear coaxial with said chuck and a pinion operatively connected to said gear and rotatable on a horizontal axis, of power operated operating means for said adjusting mechanism operable to adjust said mechanism in opposite directions while said chuck is rotating and independently of the direction of rotation of said chuck and including a frictional reversing mechanism controlling the same disposed above the axis of said chuck and having a controlling member within the reach of an operator adjacent the chuck.

40. A power driven attachment for horizontal lathes operable to adjust the chuck jaws thereof comprising a frame supportable on the top of the lathe structure, a horizontal shaft on said frame above the chuck and extending longitudinally of the axis thereof andoperatively' connectible with the chuck jaws and power driven driving mechanism for said shaft likewise on said-frame and including reversible frictional mechanism operative to reverse at will the direction ofrotation of said shaft.

41. Ihe combination with a machine having a head-stock including a spindle adapted to receive a chuck and power means for rotating the spindle, of a self-contained chuck closing and opening attachment including a housing secured to a part of said machine and a chuck closing and opening member, and means for actuating the same connected to the powermeans of the headstock.

42. The combination with a machine toolhaving a head-stock including a rotary spindle to which a chuck may be applied and driving elements for the spindle within thehead-stock, of a chuck closing and opening attachment secured to the head-stock and provided with a chuck closing and opening member, and means for actuating it including a member adapted to be driven by one of the spindle driving elements.

43. The combination with a machine tool having a head-stock including a spindle to which a chuck is, adapted to be. applied and including spindle driving elements and a clutch for engaging and disengaging certain of the elements so that the spindle rotation may be controlled, of a power operated chuck, closingand opening attachment applied to the head-stock and including a member engageable with a jaw actuating element of the chuck, and means for rotating said member, including a part engaging. one of:

the spindle driving elements in the head-stock which element is rotated when said clutch is disengaged.

44. The combination with a machine tool having a head-stock including a spindle adapted to'receive a chuck and power means for rotating the spindle, of a poweroperated chuck closing and opening attachment comprising a'housing secured to a part of said machine and-having a chuck closing and opening memben-and power operated means for actuating it.

45. The combination with a machine tool -hav-' ing a head-stock including a spindle adapted toreceive a chuck and power-means ion-rotating the spindle, of a power operated'chuck-closingand opening-attachment comprising a housing secured to a part of said machineand having operated meansfor actuating it and including an element connected to one of the spindle rotating elements of the head-stock.

46. In'combination, a chuck spindle, a chuck thereon at one end thereof, a gear spaced longitudinally of said spindle from said chuck selectively connectible therewith to drive said chuck, a gear between said chuck and said first mentioned gear rotatable irrespective of whether or not said chuck is rotating, revolvable opening and closing mechanism onsaid chuck, and driving connections between the same and said second mentioned gear op'eratively connectible to open or close said chuck, both when said chuck is stationary and when it is rotating.

4'7. In combination, a chuck spindle, a chuck thereon at one end thereof, a gear external of said spindle and spaced longitudinally of said spindle from said chuck selectively connectible therewith to drive said chuck, a gear between said chuck and said first mentioned gear rotatable irrespective of whether or not said chuck is rotating, revolvable opening and closing mechanism on said chuck, driving connections-between the same and said second mentioned gear and also external of said spindle and operatively connectible to open or close said chuck, both when the chuck is stationary and when it is rotating, and manually adjustable means for controlling the driving torque delivered to said opening and closing mechanism including frictional controlling mechanism in said connections.

48. In combination, a chuck spindle, a chuck thereon at one end thereof having adjustable jaws, and means located wholly external of said spindle for adjusting said jaws including a gear spaced longitudinally of said spindle from said chuck selectively connectible thereto to drive said chuck, a gear between said chuck and said first mentioned gear rotatable irrespective of whether or not said chuck is rotating, revolvable opening and closing mechanism on said chuck, and driving connections between the same and said second mentioned gear operatively connectible to open or close said chuck both when the chuck is stationary'and when it is rotating, said connections including a plurality of trains driven by said gear in opposite directions and selectively connectible to said opening and closing mechanism.

49. In a lathe, a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, reversely rotating elements, means for selectively connecting the same frictionally to adjust said mechanism in opposite directions, and power driven driving connections for said elements including means for effecting additional final or initial momentum operated jaw tightening or releasing movements and of such substantially larger mass than said reversely rotating elements as to increase substantially the momentum of the drive of said elements.

50. In a lathe, a spindle, a chuck thereon having jaw adjusting mechanism, reversely rotating elements, means for selectively connecting the latter frictionally to adjust said mechanism in opposite directions, and power driven driving connections for said elements having constantly rotating means for effecting additional final or initial momentum operated jaw tightening or releasing movements disposed on the lathe and between said elements and the source of power and operative while said spindle is rotating or stationary and of such substantially larger mass than said reversely rotating elements as to increase substantially the momentum of the drive of said elements.

51. In a lathe, a chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, reversely rotating elements, means for selectively connecting the same frictionally to adjust said mechanism inopposite directions, and power driven driving connections for said elements having means for rotating said reversely rotating elements in opposite directions and means for effecting additional final or initial momentum operated jaw tightening or releasing movements associated with and rotating with said element rotating means and disposed between the latter and the source of power and of such substantially larger mass than said reversely rotating elements and element rotating means as to increase substantially the momentum of the drive of said elements.

52. In combination, a chuck having jaws, jaw adjusting mechanism therefor having a controlling member movable reversely to effect reverse movements of said jaws, and high momentum driving means for said controlling member having a power driven driving train movable to adjust said controlling member and of suliicient effective kinetic energy to effect additional final or initial momentum operated tightening or releasing movements of said controlling member when the jaws initially engage the work or adhere to the work and also having reversible frictional controlling means controlling the direction of movement of said controlling member thereby and the connection and release of the latter.

53. In a lathe, a rotary power driven chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, reversely rotating gears, mechanism for selectively connecting the same frictionally to adjust said mechanism in opposite directions including means establishing a greater predetermined loading limit when releasing the work than when gripping the same, and power driven connections for said gears including a member of substantially greater effective kinetic energy than said reversely rotating gears and disposed between the source of power and said reversely rotating gears.

54. In a lathe, a power driven chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism, reversely rotating gears, means for selectively connecting the same to adjust said mechanism in opposite directions including friction mechanism having means for establishing different predetermined limits for gripping and releasing the work and manually adjustable means operable within said limits, controlling the connection of said gears to said adjusting mechanism, and power driven connections for said gears operative to rotate the same in opposite directions.

55. In a lathe, a power driven chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism including a shaft extending longitudinally of the chuck axis, coaxial shafts disposed coaxially with said shaft, means rotating said coaxial shafts in opposite directions, friction cones coaxial with said shafts and each rotatable with a different shaft, and cooperating adjustable frictional means for selectively connecting said friction cones to said first mentioned shaft.

56. In a lathe, a power driven chuck having jaw adjusting mechanism including a shaft extending longitudinally of the chuck axis, coaxial shafts disposed coaxially with said shaft, friction cones coaxial with said shafts and each rotatable with a different shaft, cooperating longitudinally adjustable friction means for selectively connecting said friction cones to said first mentioned shaft, and power operated means including a gear coaxial with the chuck and gear trains between said gear ,and ,saiducoaxial shafts rotating the latter in opposite directions.

,5'7.,In a lathe, a chuck;havingjawadiusting mechanism, ,reversely rotating ielements, -,means for selectively connecting thesame to said ad.- justing mechanismto actuatethe-latter in opposite directions, a gear of largetdiametercoaxial With thetehuck and rotatable; irrespective .of the rotation thereof, a oooperatinggear of smaller diameter coaxial with said gear and rotatable therewith, said coaxial gears, havingoahighkinetic energy due to their mass, and means for driving saidreversely rotating elements fromsaid cooperating gear. I

158,. In combination with a chuck having adjustable jaws, an opening and closing mechanism including: a rotatable opening andclosing member rotatable on an axis extending longitudinally of the chuck axis,; power -actuated; opcrating means forsaid mechanism, reversible friction mechanism disposed ,coaxially with said member and including oppositely, rotating, members, and ,a longitudinally adjustableiriction sleeve rotatable with .said opening and closing member and selectively engageable frictionally with said oppositely rotating-members and'adapted to slip relative thereto While transmitting power to said opening andclosing mechanism, and--means for adjusting-said sleeve- 59. In combination-with a chuck havin adjustable jaws,; an; opening; and closing mechanism including a rotatable opening and, closing: member rotatable on an axis-extending longitudinally of the chuckaxis, reversible friction mechanism disposed ,coaxially with said member and; including oppositely rotating members, ,andia-longitudinally adjustable friction sleeve rotatablewith said'opening and closingrmember and, selectively engageable frictionally with said .oppositelyfrotating-members, anvoperating, leverand rack and toothed segment meansnbetweenithe same and said; sleeve for adjusting the latter.

LUC'IUS Warren. 

